Insecticidal phenylhydrazone sulfides

ABSTRACT

Phenylhydrazone sulfides of the formula:   WHEREIN R1 and R2 individually are hydrogen or alkyl, R3 is alkyl, haloalkyl or phenyl substituted with up to 3 halogens, to 5 halogens, Ar is phenyl substituted with up to 5 halogens, and n is 1, 2 or 3, having morphogenetic hormonal mimetic insecticidal activity.

United States Patent 1191 Moore Feb. 18, 1975 INSECTICIDAL PHENYLHYDRAZONE SULFIDES [75] Inventor: Joseph E. Moore, Richmond, Calif.

[73] Assignee: Chevron Research Company, San

Francisco, Calif.

22 Filed: May 16, 1974 21 Appl. No: 470,481

OTHER PUBLICATIONS Moon et 211., J. Agr. Food Chem, Vol. 20, pp. 888-891 (1972).

Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 77, column 88470(b), (1972).

Primary Examiner-Bernard Helfin Assistant Examiner-Gerald A. Schwartz Attorney, Agent, or FirmG. F. Magdeburger; John Stoner, Jr.; Raymond Owyang [57] ABSTRACT Phenylhydrazone sulfides of the formula:

wherein R and R individually are hydrogen or alkyl, R is alkyl, haloalkyl or phenyl substituted with up to 3 halogens, to 5 halogens, Ar is phenyl substituted with up to 5 halogens, and n is 1, 2 or 3, having morphogenetic hormonal mimetic insecticidal activityv 11 Claims, No Drawings 3 ,8 67 ,449 1 g 2 INSECTICIDAL PHENYLHYDRAZONE SULFIDES groups include Z-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-

chlorophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 2,4-dibrmophenyl, 2,4,6-tribromophenyl and pental. Field of the Invention chlorophenyl.

The present invention is concerned with insecticidal The referred R nd R groups r lk l f 1 r 3 compounds which have morphogenetic hormonal micarbon atoms. The preferred R group is alkyl of l to metic activity. Compounds having morphogenetic hor- 6 carbon atoms, haloalkyl of l to 2 carbon atoms and monal mimetic activity exert a disrupting influence 1 to 5 chloro or bromo, or phenyl of up to 3 chloro or upon the normal development of insects. These combromo. The most preferred R group is alkyl of l to 6 pounds interfere with the normal metamorphosis of the 10 carbon atoms. The preferred Ar groups are phenyl and pest insects and result in the formation ofindividual inphenyl substituted with l to 5 chloro or bromo groups. sects of the treated species which develop abnormally Representative compounds of formula (I) are tabuand are nonviable or sterile. This ultimately leads, indilated in Table 1 represents phenyl). rectly at least, to the destruction of the insect popula- 15 (ion TABLE I 2. Description of the Prior Art Thioketal-substituted phenylhydrazones are disclosed by M. W. Moon et al, J. Agr. Food Chem, 20, d) H H CH3 1 2 or 3 888 (1972). German Pat. No. 2,157,601 [C.A. 77 :1) CH H CH do. 88470b (1972)] also disclose th1o-subst1tuted phenyl- 5 8:3 82 3g: hydrazones. Phenylhydrazone compounds are also d1s- 3-Cld i-C H i-C H Cl CH do. closed in J. Agr. Food Chem," 20, 1187 1972); J. 3 g, 5: fg fi 5%; g;

Org. Chem, 37, 383, 386, 2005 (1972); and Nether- 3,4 c1, C11 n c,,1-1, crr do. lands patent application No. 7,113,497. 212333.? I DESCRIPTION or THE INVENTION g jfiilfi, 5:; g3; 3

The insecticidal phenylhydrazone sulfides of the invention are represented by the formula: A class of preferred phenylhydrazone sulfides of formula (l) are those wherein R and R individually are c1 1 I alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R is alkyl of l to 6 carbon t atoms chloroalkyl of l to 2 carbon atoms and l to 5 3 Ar make 5 (s) n R (I) chloro, or phenyl of up to 2 chloro or bromo, Ar is phe- R M N nyl substituted with up to 5 chloro, bromo or fluoro,

"--'-'""""i""' more preferably phenyl substituted with up to 5 chloro,

andnis l,2or 3. wherein R is hydrogen o alkyl O 1 0 6 CarbOn atoms, The compounds of the invention wherein n is 2 or 3 R is hydrogen or alkyl of l to 6 carbon atoms, R is may be prepared by reacting a bishydrazone (II) with alkyl of l to 6 carbon atoms, haloalkyl of l to 6 carbon 40 excess chlorine and then reacting resulting sulfenyl atoms and l to 5 fluoro, chloro or bromo groups or chloride (III) with a mercaptan as depicted in the folphenyl substituted with up to 3 (0 to 3) fluoro, chloro lowing reactions (l) and (2):

.H R (:1 R1 I '1 C12 l I lerrmmec 9 i; c (Si u) R2 (In) (II) 1 n su f II) Ar-NHN-C' c (si a or bromo, Ar is phenyl substituted with up to 5 (0 t0 wherein n is 2 or 3, and R R R and Ar have the same 5), more preferably with up to 3 (0 to 3), fluoro, chloro significance as previously defined.

or bromo is 2 or I 2 3 Reaction (1) is conducted with about 2 to ll mols, Representatve alkyl groups whlch R R and R may preferably 3 mols to 3.5 mols, of chlorine per mol of represent include methyl ethyl isopropyli the bishydrazone (ll) in an inert solvent,e.g.,chlorinay r -P and isohexyi- Representative haloal' ted hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride and cary R3 groups include trifluommethyl chloromethylr bon tetrachloride, at a temperature of 0 to 50C. The trichloromethy], 1rlirz'tetrachlomethyh p resulting sulfenyl chloride (Ill) may be isolated and puy Pentachlomethy], 4-ChIOYObUtYL Repl'esen' rifled. However, it is generally more convenient to tative halophenyl R groups include 4-fluorophenyl, 4- react the sulfenyl chloride (ill), without purification, chlorophenyl, 3-bromophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and with a substantially equimolar amount of the mercap- 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl. Representative halophenyl Ar tan (W) at a temperature of 0 to 50C. to produce the product (I). The product (I) is isolated and purified by conventional procedures such as extraction, filtration, crystallization and chromatography.

The compounds of the invention wherein n is l or 2 are prepared by reacting a hydrazide sulfide (V) with phosphorus pentachloride as depicted in reaction (3):v

wherein n is l or 2, and R, R R and Ar have the same significance as previously defined.

Reaction (3) is conducted by reacting substantially equimolar amounts of the hydrazide sulfide (V) and phosphorus pentachloride in the presence of an inert solvent at a temperature of about to 100C, and then working up the product mixture with phenol. Reaction (3) is a known reaction for the chlorination of hydrazides, as disclosed in Netherlands application No. 7,1 13,497.

The hydrazide sulfide reactant (V) is suitably prepared by reacting substantially equimolar amounts of an aryl hydrazine (VI) and an alkanoyl halide in the presence of an acid acceptor in an inert solvent at 0 to 50C., as depicted in reaction (4):

o R o R II I I I I Ar-NHNH XCC-S -R ArNHNHC-C-S R I I (v1) R2 R2 wherein n is l or 2, X is chloro or bromo, and R, R R and Ar have the same significance as previously defined.

The hydrazide monosulfide reactant (V) (n l) is also suitably prepared by alkylating a bromo-hydrazide of the formula I II I Ar-NHNH-C-C-Br (VIII) with an alkali metal mercaptide of the formula R SM wherein M is an alkali metal and R R R and Ar have the same significance as previously defined. The bromo-hydrazide reactant (VIII) is suitably prepared by reacting the aryl hydrazine (VI) and an alphabromoalkanoyl halide.

The compounds of the invention are useful morphogenetic hormonal mimetic insecticides, particularly. against insects such as cabbage looper larvae, al-

falfa weevil larvae, yellow mealworm, kissing bug and The compounds may be applied in either liquid or solid formulations to the pre-adult insects or their habitats. For example, they may be sprayed or otherwise applied directly to plants or aqueous bodies so as to effect control of insects coming into contact therewith.

Formulations of the compounds of this invention will comprise a metamorphosis-inhibiting amount of one or more of the compounds and a biologically inert carrier. Usually they will also contain a wetting agent. Solid carriers such as clay, talc, sawdust, alfalfa meal, and the like may be used in such formulations. Liquid diluents which may be used with these compounds include water aliphatic and aromatic solvents. In addition, these formulations may contain other compatible pesticides, fillers, stabilizers, attractants and the like.

The concentration of the active ingredient to be used with inert carriers, either solid or liquid carriers, will be dependent upon many factors,,such as the particular compoundwhich is used, the carrier in or upon which it is incorporated, the method and conditions of application, the insect species to be controlled, etc., the

proper consideration of these factors being within the skill of those versed in the art. In general, the toxic ingredients of this invention will be effective in concentrations from about 0.000l percent by weight to as high as 50% by weight or higher. Economically, of course, it is desirable to use lower concentrations of this active ingredient.

The compounds ofthe invention are particularly useful in combination with mosquito 'larvicidal petroleum oil dispersions. Petroleum oils suitable as mosquito larvicidal dispersions are known. Such hydrocarbon oils include mineral oils such as naphthenic base and paraffinic base lubricating oils, etc., as well as synthetic oils. Such hydrocarbons oils are nonphytotoxic and generally contain not more than a few percent aromatics.

Particularly suitable hydrocarbon oils have boiling points above 350 to 400F. and viscosities of from about 33 to 200 SSU at F.

The amount of the compound of the invention employed in petroleum oil generally ranges from 0.l to 10 percent by weight based on weight of oil. The hydrocarbon oil dispersions containing the compounds of the invention are contacted with or applied to the surface of the aqueous bodies wherein mosquito control is desired by conventional methods.

The terms insecticide and insect as used herein refer to their broad and commonly understood usage rather than to those creatures which in the strict biological sense are classified as insects. Thus, the term insect is used not only to include small invertebrate animals belonging to the class lnsecta but also to other related classes of arthropods whose members are segmented invertebrates having more or fewer than six legs, such as spiders, mites, ticks, centipedes, worms and the like.

EXAMPLE 1 A mixture of 21.2 g. 2,4,6-trichlorophenylhydrazine, l0.3 g. 2.2' dithiobisisobutyraldehyde and 100 ml. ethanol was heated to reflux and filtered hot. The solvent was evaporated to lease a solid. The solid was washed with 50 ml. hexane and filtered to give 17.6 g. of the bis-hydrazone product, m.p. 851 C. Recrystallization from hexane and then from ethanol gave the product a white solid, m.p. l l6117-C. Elemental analysis for c l-l Cl bhS gave: /kS calc. 108, found 10.8; 711C] calc. 359; found 34.5.

To a cooled (0C) and stirred mixture of 8.0 g. of the bis-2,4,6-trichlorophenylhydrazone of 2,2- dithiobisisobutyraldehyde (prepared above) was added 3.3 g. chlorine in 50 ml. carbon tetrachloride over a 30- minute period. The mixture was filtered and the excess chlorine was removed under reduced pressure. To the reaction mixture was added 2 g. methyl mercaptan. The solvent was then stripped to leave 9.7 g. of a red oil. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that the oil was a mixture of hydrazone sulfides of the formula:

c1 C]. CH3

c1 --mm==c c (m -cs I CH3 wherein n is 2 or 3.

The oil was chromatographed on silica gel (hexane eluant) to give a product (3.1g) consisting predominantly of the hydrazone trisulfide (n equal to '3). Sulfur analysis for the product was 19.0 percent and chlorine analysis for the product was 38.5 percent.

EXAMPLE 2 A solution of 3.3 g. chlorine in 50 ml. carbon tetrachloride was added dropwise over a 30-minute period to a cooled (0C) and stirred mixture of 8.0 g. of the bis-2,4,6-trichlorophenylhydrazone of 2,2'- dithiobisisobutyraldehyde in 100 ml. carbon tetrachloride. The reaction mixture was filtered to remove a little solid material and then partially evaporated to remove excess chlorine. A 2.4 g. sample of 2-methyl-2- propanethiol was added and the resulting solution stirred for one hour at about 25C. The solvent was then stripped to leave 10.4 g. of a red oil. The oil was chromatographed on silica gel (hexane eluant) to give 2.6 g. the hydrazone trisulfide of the formula:

c1 c11 ca Cl nan-c sss-c CH3 cs ca;

6 Elemental analysis for C H Cl N- S showed: 705 calc. 21.8, found 21.2; /(Cl calc. 30.9, found 31.4. The hydrazone trisulfide was a red oil which solidified on standing to a low melting red solid.

EXAMPLE 3 A 24 g. sample of chlorine was bubbled into a mixture of 14.5 g. of the bis-phenylhydrazone of 2.2- dithiobisisobutyraldehyde over a 1-hour period. After stirring at about 25C. for 3 hours, 5 g. of ethanethiol were added and the resulting solution stirred overnight. The solvent was then stripped to leave a red oil. The oil was chromatographed on silica gel (benzene eluant) to give 15 g. of a red oil. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and elemental analysis (found 12.6 percent S, 37.2 percent Cl) showed .the product to be a mixture of hydrazone sulfides of the formula:

Cl c1 cit I I cl --NHN=C c (s) -ca ca wherein n is 2 or 3.

The hydrazone disulfide (n 2) was the predominant product.

EXAMPLE 4 A 23 g sample of 2-bromo-2-methylpropionyl bromide was added dropwise to a cooled (0C.) slurry of 21.2 g 2,4,6-trichlorophenylhydrazine and 7.9 g pyridine in 500 ml glyme over a 2-hour period. The reaction mixture was stirred /2 hour and poured into 500 ml ice water and 20 m1 concentrated hydrochloric acid. A solid separated. The solid was filtered, washed with water and dried to give 27.3 g of the bromohydrazide product (Formula V111 where Ar is 2.4.6 trichlorophenyl and R and R are methyl) as a beige solid, m.p. 101103C.

Sodium mercaptide was prepared by bubbling methyl mercaptan into a slurry of 5.5 g sodium hydride (54 percent in mineral oil) in 150 m1 dimethylformamide. The sodium mercaptide solution was then cooled in an ice water bath while 44.9 g of the bromo-hydrazide prepared above in 100 ml dimethylformamide was added over a 1-hour period. After stirring for 15 minutes. 150 m1 benzene and 300 ml ice water were added. The benzene layer was separated, washed with water. dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to give a solid. The solid was crystallized from 100 m1 boiling hexane to give 38.3 g of the mercapto-hydrazide product (Formula V where Ar is 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl, R. R and R are methyl and n is 1) as a beige solid, m.p. 89C.

A solution of 22 g of the mercapto-hydrazide prepared above and 14 g phosphorus pentachloridc in ml carbon tetrachloride was stirred at about 25C. for 2 days and then refluxed for 30 minutes. The reaction was then cooled (0C.) and 18.9 g phenol was added in one portion. The reaction mixture was then stirred at 25C. for 5 days. 25 ml of methanol was added to the reaction mixture and the resulting solution was stripped to give an oil. The oil was ehromatographed on silica gel (benzene/hexane eluant) to give 10.2 g of an orange oil which solidified on standing to an orange solid. Recrystallization from hexane gave 6.4 g of the hydrazone sulfide product, m.p. l52C. of the formula Elemental analysis showed: 705, calc. 9.3, found 9.4; %CI, calc. 41.0, found 41.0.

EXAMPLE 5 A solution of 16.4 g 2-methyIdithi0-2- methylpropionic acid and 25 ml thionyl chloride was stirred and refluxed for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was then distilled to give 10.5 g of 2-methyldithio-2- methylpropionyl chloride, b.p. 100-122C. at 55 mm of Hg.

The 10.5-g sample of propionyl chloride prepared above was added dropwise over a -minute period to 12 g 2,4,6-trichlorophenylhydrazine and 6 g triethylamine in 250 ml glyme. After stirring for 10 minutes, 200 ml ice water and 10 ml concentrated hydrochloric acid were added. On stirring in an ice bath, a solid separated. The solid was filtered, washed with water, dried and recrystallized from hexane to give the hydrazide product (Formula V, where Ar is trichlorophenyl, R. R and R are methyl and n is 2) as a beige solid. m.p. 8688C.

By a proceduresimilar to that of Example 4, the hydrazide product prepared above was chlorinated with phosphorus pentachloride to give the hydrazone disulfide product of the formula Elemental analysis for C H ChN s showed: %S, calc. 17.0, found 17.1; %C1, calc. 37.5, found 40.9.

By a procedure similar to that of Examples 1-5, other compounds of Formula (I) were prepared. These compounds and the compounds of Examples 1-5 are tabulated in Table II.

EXAMPLE 6 INSECT CONTROL The compounds tabulated in Table II were tested as juvenile hormonal mimetic insecticides by the following procedures.

CABBAGE LOOPER (TRICHOPLUSIA NI) 5 microliters of an acetone solution containing a certain concentration micrograms of the test compound were applied topically to the entire length of the body of a Iate-fifth-stage cabbage looper larva. Normally l0 larvae were treated per test. The treated larvae were then fed until they pupated. The pupae were then incubated until the adult emerged. The mortality of the pupae and adults was determined. The compounds tested, the concentration (meg/insect) and the total pupal and adult mortality are tabulated in Table III.

ALFALFA WEEVIL (HAPERA POSTICA GYLLENHAL) Alfalfa weevil larvae were tested by the same procedure employed for cabbage looper. The compounds tested, the concentration (meg/insect) and the total pupal and adult mortality are tabulated in Table IV.

YELLOW MEALWORM (TENEBRIO MOLITOR) About two-day-old yellow mealworm pupae were tested by the same procedure employed for cabbage looper. The compounds tested, the concentration (meg/insect) and the total pupal and adult mortality are tabulated in Table V.

KISSING BUG (RHODNIUS PROLIXUS) Late-fifth-stage kissing bug nymphs (24 hours after a blood meal) were tested by the same procedure employed for cabbage looper. The compounds tested, the concentration (meg/insect) and the total larval, pupal and adult mortality are tabulated in Table VI.

TABLE II No. Ar R R R n l 2,4.6-Cl;,d CH CH CH 3 2 do. CH CH, t-C ,H,, 3 3 do. CH CH H, 2. 3 4 do. CH, CH CH 1 5 do. CH, CH CH 2 (1 do. H H CH, 1 7 do. H H CCl 2 8 do. H H CH, 2 9 do. H H iC;,H 2 l0 do. H CH CH 2 11 do. H CH CH 1 12 do. H CH CCl- -CCl- H 2 13 do. CH CH 4-Cld 2 TABLE III Cabbage Looper Control Compound No. Concentration 7: Mortality 1 I 100 2 0.4 3 I00 I00 4 Hill 5 1111) 101) o 0.4 no 7 too (to 8 1.} It! 1.1 911 ll) IIlIl lllll l 1 I011 Illl) I2 I00 III I} I 90 3,867,449 9 v 10 TABLE [V What is claimed is:

l. A compound of the formula: Alfalfa Weevil Control Compound No. Concentration /1 Mortality 1 0.3 100 1 2 0.14 90 I} 3 0.14 90 1\rNHN=C C R 4 0.38 90 2 5 0.14 90 R 6 0.3 90 7 5 40 1O 8 1.5 90 3 88 wherein R is hydrogen or alkyl of l to 6 carbon atoms. H 90 R is hydrogen or alkyl of l to 6 carbon atoms. R" is 12 5 alkyl of l to 6 carbon atoms or haloalkyl of l to 6 car- 13 9O 15 bon atoms containing 1 to 5 fluoro, chloro or bromo groups or phenyl substituted with up to 3 fluoro. chloro TABLE V or bromo groups, Ar is phenyl substituted with up to 5 fluoro, chloro or bromo groups and n is l, 2 or 3. Yellow Mcalwom Comm 2. The compound of claim 1 wherein R is alkyl of 1 Compound N04 concentration Mommy to 3 carbon atoms and R is alkyl of l to 3 carbon 1 10 100 atoms. I I D 2 10 20 3. The compound of claim 2 wherein R" is alkyl of l i 6 28 to 6 carbon atoms or chloroalkyl of l to 2 carbon atoms 5 2:1 90 containing 1 to 5 chloro groups. 6 8 4. The compound of claim 3 wherein R is alkyl of 1 Z 90 to 6 carbon atoms. 9 10 90 5. The compound of claim 4 wherein Ar is phenyl 2 1 3g substituted with up to S chloro or bromo groups.

30 6. The compound of claim 4 wherein Ar is phenyl substituted with up to 5 chloro groups. TABLE VI 7. The compound of claim 6 wherein Ar is 2.4.6-

Kissing Bug Control trlchlorophenylx) Compound No. Concentration 7! Mortality 8. The compound of claim 7 wherein R. R- and R are methyl. i0 90 g 10 6O 9. The compound of claim 7 wherein R and R are i 7 88 methyl and R is t-butyl. 5 1?, 90 10. The compound of claim 7 wherein R and R are 4U methyl and R is ethyl. s o 0 11. The compound of claim I wherein R is hydrou to o to to an H 0.5 no 06 

1. A COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA:
 2. The compound of claim 1 wherein R1 is alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms and R2 is alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
 3. The compound of claim 2 wherein R3 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or chloroalkyl of 1 to 2 carbon atoms containing 1 to 5 chloro groups.
 4. The compound of claim 3 wherein R3 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
 5. The compound of claim 4 wherein Ar is phenyl substituted with up to 5 chloro or bromo groups.
 6. The compound of claim 4 wherein Ar is phenyl substituted with up to 5 chloro groups.
 7. The compound of claim 6 wherein Ar is 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl.
 8. The compound of claim 7 wherein R1, R2 and R3 are methyl.
 9. The compound of claim 7 wherein R1 and R2 are methyl and R3 is t-butyl.
 10. The compound of claim 7 wherein R1 and R2 are methyl and R3 is ethyl.
 11. The compound of claim 1 wherein R1 is hydrogen. 